Bogor Smart Agrivoltaics Pilot

A 50 kW dynamic (tracking) agrivoltaic pilot built in 2024 on the IPB University campus farm. SAMS controls the panel angles while soybean and shallot grow underneath, and generation, crop and microclimate data are collected. The pilot runs under the November 2023 agreement with Korea East-West Power for an agrivoltaics–e-mobility demonstration in Indonesia, with ENVELOPS developing, designing and building the plant. The structure went up in August 2024 and was completed in October; the e-mobility linkage pilot started in November 2024.

Trial results (Dec 2024–Dec 2025)

At the IPB University Cikabayan experimental farm, a plot beneath the panels (3.1 m clearance, 34.9% shading) and an open-field control (312.5 m² each) were run with the same density, irrigation and fertilisation, with microclimate logged every minute alongside growth and yield. During the trial the panels were held at a fixed 15° tilt, as the SAMS angle control had not yet been connected. Beneath the panels, irradiance was 34–37% lower, soil temperature about 1°C lower and soil moisture 1.7–2.3 percentage points higher; maximum air temperature, however, was 0.9–1.4°C higher, which points to clearance and spacing designed for airflow.

Soybean (Detap-1) seed yield was 3,529 vs 1,708 kg/ha in the wet season (+106%) and 2,026 vs 1,724 kg/ha in the dry season (not statistically significant), with flowering, pod set and seed fill on the same dates in both treatments. These results were published in Agronomy (16(1):116) in January 2026. Shallot bulb weight per plant was 14.3 vs 4.6 g and chili cumulative fruit weight over three harvests 46.3 vs 5.7 g per plant, both higher beneath the panels (ENVELOPS–IPB trial report). The paper’s figures are listed with their source on the Research page.